GLM-4.5

GLM-4.5 is built on a Mixture-of-Experts architecture designed from the ground up for intelligent agent applications. Rather than activating all 355 billion parameters for every query, the model routes requests through specialized expert pathways, enabling 32 billion active parameters to deliver full flagship performance with improved efficiency. A defining feature is its dual-mode operation: the model can switch between rapid, immediate responses for simple queries and a deliberate "thinking mode" for complex reasoning and tool usage. This hybrid approach addresses a longstanding bottleneck in AI development, where specialized models excelled at individual tasks but failed to handle the full lifecycle of autonomous agent work—planning, execution, code generation, and adaptive refinement within a single system.

The training strategy behind GLM-4.5 reflects a deliberate focus on agentic workflows, drawing from 30 trillion tokens across general pretraining, domain-specific knowledge, and concentrated code and reasoning data. Reinforcement learning techniques refined the model's ability to chain reasoning steps and interact with tools effectively, culminating in a model that achieved third place overall among both proprietary and open-source competitors while ranking first among Chinese AI models. GLM-4.5 has demonstrated strong results on code generation benchmarks and mathematical reasoning evaluations, with its performance validated across twelve industry-standard tests. Released under the permissive MIT license, both the flagship model and the more compact GLM-4.5-Air variant are available for commercial use and secondary development, making this architecture accessible for teams building autonomous agents, coding assistants, or complex multi-step workflows.